Survey of Mathematical Methods Essay Example for Free

Survey of Mathematical Methods Essay This week’s assignment is about the use of misleading statistics. Companies and individuals use statistics in a variety of way in order to provide information on certain things. The use of misleading statistics, while not ethical, could be viewed as valuable, if it increases profit margins or awareness of the stated topic of the statistic in a biased way. Question number 8 provides a statistic that Vitamin E is an antioxidant that may help fight heart disease and cancer. (Bluman, 2011) The phrase â€Å"may help† does not include any specific sample groups. It is not known in whom the vitamin will fight heart disease and or cancer in. the reader could imply that vitamin E would fight both cancer and heart disease without any concrete supporting evidence. The graph in question number 2 is considered misleading for representing sales of pumpkins in 2000 by using a much larger picture of a pumpkin than they did in 1990. It is using a 2D image, instead of a one dimensional bar. This could be misleading as we could look at the overall area of the pumpkin, instead of just the height, and see an extremely large increase in sale, and not the actual increase. (Bluman, 2011) I chose question 8 because of its prevalent use today. I have seen hundreds of TV and magazine advertisement that use the same exact phrase â€Å"may help†. With this study I have become more circumspect of those advertisements and would home that in the future I will not be as easily influenced by â€Å"may help†. Question 12 caught my attention also, as it is used primarily in print for implying small increases in the topic at hand. I tend to read fast and have many times, implied a large change due to the misleading graph. The two dimensional use of graphing is targeted at people such as myself. I usually glance at a graph, not taking time to look at the values for â€Å"x† and â€Å"y†. I am unsure of how many times this has occurred, but I will be more watchful for this technique and the other listed in this section.

Utopia Essay -- Descriptive Perfect Society Essays Papers

Secluded in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, is a place called Sashy, a wonderful, perfect society. It is always peaceful and nothing bad ever happens on the island. The island's air is always fresh and free of any toxins or pollution. Temperature on the South side of Sashy is always warm with no humidity present. On the North side of Sashy the weather is always perfect for winter activities, the temperature is just cold enough for the snow to fall. The North side of the island is full of steep, snow-covered mountains. On the South side of the Sashy clean, sandy beaches cover the land. The ocean water is crystal clear and warm. Sashy is the perfect place to live. On the island, every person is treated as equals. No one person thinks or acts as if they are better than another. There is no racism or sexism present, all types of people reside here and get along together. Living on the island is people from all different cultures and backgrounds. Everyone lives in peace with no fightin g, violence, crime, or war. The people of Sashy, called Sashians, do not judge each other by their appearance or whom they interacted with. There are many diverse religions in this community. Each one does not criticize the others for their beliefs. Once a month all the different religions get together at the island community building and congregate together to discuss their viewpoints and thoughts on their faith. On this island there is no poverty, disease, or hunger. Everyone has plenty of money...

Enhanced Formal Communications Project

————————————————- ————————————————- Memorandum TO:Accountants FROM:—– SUBJECT:Changes to SAS 115 DATE:September 30, 2011 ————————————————- Overview The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) was founded in 1887, the AICPA represents the AICPA represents all Certified Public Accounts (CPA) nationally regarding rules and regulations and also serves as advocate to public interest groups and other professional organizations. The AICPA develops standards regulations, educates its members on various directions, monitors and enforces compliance and ethical standards. Statement of Accounting Standards (SAS No. 115) was issued by the Auditing Standards Board (ASB); became effective for audit of financial statement for period ending on or after December 15, 2009. SAS 115 supersedes SAS 112 that had some weaknesses in its terminology, definitions and guidance for evaluating deficiencies. Benefits of the New Requirements The new requirement will establish standards rules and provides guidance on communicating matters related to your organization’s internal control over financial reporting identified on the next audit of financial statements * SAS 115 will prevent, detect and correct misstatements on a timely basis * It will provide reasonable assurance about your achievement and objectives with regard to the reliability of financial reporting effectiveness and efficiency of operations, and compliance with the new laws and regulations. Communication Upon completion of the audit, our firm will provide you with a management letter identifying the findings. * Our firm will still continue to monitor progress on all previous existing deficiencies or weaknesses from previous years. * All communications pertaining to deficiencies or weaknesses will be made available within 60 days following the completion of the report. * Our firm will provide a management letter of â€Å"no findings† for your records if no deficiencies are found. Audit is not a punishment, but in a process mechanism to help organizations have zero findings on their financial statement regardless of the size of the organization. While requirements to report in writing all deficiencies or weaknesses may take more time, it will ensure for better communication and awareness. SAS 115 allows our firm to gain insightful information to better serve you in the future and help you improve internal control by eliminating deficiencies. We thank you for continuing trust in our firm for the past three 3 years and our staff is available to answer or walk through any process that might seem challenging with the new regulations. We will schedule a meeting with the members of your finance team to go over these regulations two weeks prior to our audit scheduled date. References Anderson, B. (2007, June). The Management Letter After SAS 112. Retrieved from http://www. allbusiness. com/professional-services/accounting-tax-auditing/8900335-1. html Beichler, V. (2009, March). Communicating Internal Control-Related Matters in SAS No. 115. Tennessee CPA Journal. Retrieved from http://www. tncpa. org/journal/articles/communicatinginternal. pdf AICPA, (2010, September). Employee Benefit Plan Audit Quality Center. Statement of Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 115 Communicating Internal Control Related

Essay on Decision Making - 845 Words

Decision-making models, or the path that one would choose in his or her decision-making, is heavily relied on the information one has received. By having all the correct information available, decision-making becomes an easier task. The model in which one would base his or her decision-making upon can be analyzed into six different factors: the problem at hand, the goals that want to be reached, alternatives, pros and cons, decision(s), and reason(s) behind the decision(s). According to Richard W. Scholl (1999), there are three components of every decision. The standards in which decision makers assess alternatives, or the criteria. The specific courses of action or options being considered are the alternatives. The cause and effect†¦show more content†¦Approximating the possibility of each outcome prepares the decision maker to assess and evaluate alternatives. The next step in the decision-making process is choosing the alternative that the decision maker considers most effective, that is, the one who allows the opportunity to solve the problem and accomplish all necessary objectives. This choice can be hard even when results have been evaluated based on comparable criteria. Once a decision has been made to choose an alternative solution, that decision must be implemented. The decision maker will have considered all imaginable problems that may be connected with the implementation of the solution. However, the decision-making process does no t end when the decision is implemented. The decision maker must evaluate the decision to the extent to which the solution achieved the necessary objectives. In professional decisions that I have made in my workplace, I tend to lean more toward the pros and cons, or the cause and effect principles. Recently, I was asked to research a new networking and accounting system for the company, and to choose the best one, as we would be implementing the network into our company. As I researched, I took note of the pros and cons as they came up. The new network was certainly going to streamline our everyday work process as well as alleviate any double entry, which would also reduce errorsShow MoreRelatedDecision Making820 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1: Which biases in decision making can be identified in the performances of both Pieterson and Gack? How can the identified biases be overcome? In general, the decision making style for manager approach decision making is toward rational and intuitive thinking. In rational thinking a person consider the problem in a rational, step-by-step and analytical way. Rational thinking person will resolve a complex and complicated problem into smaller part and then resolve them in a rational,Read MoreDecision Making1296 Words   |  6 PagesQues:  What are the reason why two perfect individual are never two perfect couples. with the 7 decision making process solve the problem.    The 7 decision making processes are:    1. Define the problem 2. Identify limiting factors 3. Develop potential alternatives 4. Analyze the alternatives 5. Select the best alternatives 6. Implement the decision 7. Establish a control and evaluation system Introduction A perfect marriage may be an illusion although the people involve may be perfectRead MoreDecision Making : An Evaluation810 Words   |  4 PagesDecision-Making Generating potential solutions, evaluating the solutions, deciding, checking the decisions and communicating and implementing the decisions were the six areas covered during the quiz (cite). 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Most people faced with an ethical decision usually revert to their personal values that hopefully guide them through the decision-making process. Assessing values and morals are an important role when making ethical decisions and how others view a person after making that decision. â€Å"Once we grasp the underlying concepts of making important decisions, we need to know how to apply them.† (Fisher, 2005)Read MoreEthical Decision Making : Ethical Decisions1047 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Decision-Making The first step in the CPA (2000) ethical decision-making model is identification of the individuals and groups potentially affected by the decision. In the ethical scenario I presented earlier, the individuals directly involved and likely to be most affected by the decision include the 54-year old woman and myself as the counsellor. Those who will likely be indirectly affected by the decision would be the woman’s family, including her 20-year old daughter, and the agency